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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
In the event of a casualty regurgitating or vomiting during CPR you should:
CorrectIncorrectHint
In the event of a casualty regurgitating or vomiting during CPR you should:
Roll the casualty onto their side as this may be considered a sign of life. Clear the airway be performing a finger sweep, Look, Listen & Feel to check if normal breathing has returned. If not roll them on to their back and continue CPR.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
What is the main danger to an unconscious breathing normally casualty while lying on their back?
CorrectIncorrectHint
In an unconscious casualty, it is essential that the airway is managed to avoid obstruction. Any unconscious casualty who remains on their back risks an obstructed airway through either inhaling vomit or by having their upper airway blocked by a relaxed tongue.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
If a casualty becomes unconscious after refusing to give consent you can:
CorrectIncorrectHint
Check the casualty’s level of consciousness (or response) by using ‘touch and talk’. On your approach, if the casualty is a stranger first ask “Can I help you?”. You must attempt to establish consent for your legal protection, remember the injured casualty has a right to refuse your assistance. If the casualty is unconscious and a stranger you can now assist as consent is legally assumed ; approach from behind and squeeze the shoulders or hold their feet to check for a response for your safety
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
The order for the four links in the Chain of Survival are:
CorrectIncorrectHint
The Chain of Survival
The Chain of Survival is the term applied to a sequence of actions that, when put into motion, reduce the mortality associated with cardiac arrest. While each action in the chain is unlikely on its own to revive a casualty, when all actions are effectively used together they can improve the outcome for the casualty.
Sudden cardiac arrest is the unexpected collapse of a casualty whose heart has stopped. Cardiac arrest occurs suddenly due to a disturbance in the electrical signals of the heart and is closely linked with sudden chest pain. It is estimated that more than 95% of sudden cardiac arrest casualties die before reaching hospital as the casualty has only minutes from the time of collapse until death.
If all four links in the Chain of Survival are strong the chance of survival for a sudden cardiac arrest casualty can rise from 5% to as high as 60%-70%.
Early Access
The first link in the Chain of Survival is the call to emergency services. An immediate call to 000 for an ambulance is crucial; a delay of only a few minutes could be fatal. By quickly recognising a medical emergency you can save a life as it means Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support can be started as soon as possible.
Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR is the second link in the Chain of Survival; it is the link that can buy life-saving time between the first link Early Access to emergency care and the third link Early Defibrillation.
During sudden cardiac arrest, the heart twitches irregularly most often due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cannot pump oxygenated blood efficiently to the brain, lungs, and other organs. The casualty quickly stops breathing and loses consciousness.However, prompt CPR can help sustain life during VF. The mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compressions help oxygenated blood flow to the casualty’s brain and heart until defibrillation can attempt to restore normal heart pumping.Although CPR can sustain life for a short time, it must be followed within minutes by the third link, Early Defibrillation. Only when combined with Early Defibrillation and Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support can CPR significantly increase a sudden cardiac arrest casualty’s chance for long-term survival.
Early Defibrillation (A E D)
If CPR is given within 4 minutes and defibrillation within 8-12 minutes, the chance of survival is significantly improved.
Most sudden cardiac arrest casualties are in Ventricular Defibrillation (VF) or Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), the delivery of an electrical shock to the heart muscle, can restore normal heart function if it occurs within minutes of sudden cardiac arrest onset.
Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support
The fourth link in the Chain of Survival is Early Cardiac Advanced Life Support. Paramedics and other highly trained emergency services personnel provide this care, which can include basic life support, defibrillation, administration of cardiac drugs, and the insertion of endotracheal breathing tubes. This type of advanced care can help the heart in VF or VT respond to defibrillation and maintain a normal rhythm after successful defibrillation.Paramedics monitor the casualty closely on the way to the hospital, where more definitive diagnostic evaluation can occur.
Keep Your AED Properly Maintained
Imagine that you are at work chatting with a co-worker. Suddenly a strange look comes across your co-worker’s face and they collapse. Fortunately, you recently completed a CPR and first aid course and feel confident to shout for someone to call 000, while you check for breathing and response. You detect neither and as you begin CPR, you suddenly remember… the AED! You shout for someone to get the AED that has been mounted in the hallway of the building for years. The AED is retrieved; you open the case, try to turn the device on and… nothing. To your horror, you realise that the batteries are dead!
Automated External Defibrillators (AED) can be a lifesaving tool but can be useless if not maintained. An AED maintenance schedule is essential in keeping your device functioning properly. Recommended maintenance and care of an AED includes:
- Place your AED in a visible and unobstructed location.
- Verify the battery installation is correct.
- Check the status/service indicator light.
- Note the absence of the visual and/or audio service alarm.
- Inspect exterior components and sockets for cracks.
- Confirm that you have two sets of sealed AED pads that have not expired.
- Keep accurate records and replacing the AED battery is recommended for your particular device.
- Refer to the manufacturer’s manual for more information and proper maintenance procedures for your particular device.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
The “Chain of Survival” refers to:
CorrectIncorrectHint
The Chain of Survival
The Chain of Survival is the term applied to a sequence of actions that, when put into motion, reduce the mortality associated with cardiac arrest. While each action in the chain is unlikely on its own to revive a casualty, when all actions are effectively used together they can improve the outcome for the casualty.
Sudden cardiac arrest is the unexpected collapse of a casualty whose heart has stopped. Cardiac arrest occurs suddenly due to a disturbance in the electrical signals of the heart and is closely linked with sudden chest pain. It is estimated that more than 95% of sudden cardiac arrest casualties die before reaching hospital as the casualty has only minutes from the time of collapse until death.
If all four links in the Chain of Survival are strong the chance of survival for a sudden cardiac arrest casualty can rise from 5% to as high as 60%-70%.
Early Access
The first link in the Chain of Survival is the call to emergency services. An immediate call to 000 for an ambulance is crucial; a delay of only a few minutes could be fatal. By quickly recognising a medical emergency you can save a life as it means Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support can be started as soon as possible.
Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
CPR is the second link in the Chain of Survival; it is the link that can buy life-saving time between the first link Early Access to emergency care and the third link Early Defibrillation.
During sudden cardiac arrest, the heart twitches irregularly most often due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cannot pump oxygenated blood efficiently to the brain, lungs, and other organs. The casualty quickly stops breathing and loses consciousness.However, prompt CPR can help sustain life during VF. The mouth-to-mouth breathing and chest compressions help oxygenated blood flow to the casualty’s brain and heart until defibrillation can attempt to restore normal heart pumping.Although CPR can sustain life for a short time, it must be followed within minutes by the third link, Early Defibrillation. Only when combined with Early Defibrillation and Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support can CPR significantly increase a sudden cardiac arrest casualty’s chance for long-term survival.
Early Defibrillation (A E D)
If CPR is given within 4 minutes and defibrillation within 8-12 minutes, the chance of survival is significantly improved.
Most sudden cardiac arrest casualties are in Ventricular Defibrillation (VF) or Ventricular Tachycardia (VT), the delivery of an electrical shock to the heart muscle, can restore normal heart function if it occurs within minutes of sudden cardiac arrest onset.
Early Advanced Cardiac Life Support
The fourth link in the Chain of Survival is Early Cardiac Advanced Life Support. Paramedics and other highly trained emergency services personnel provide this care, which can include basic life support, defibrillation, administration of cardiac drugs, and the insertion of endotracheal breathing tubes. This type of advanced care can help the heart in VF or VT respond to defibrillation and maintain a normal rhythm after successful defibrillation.Paramedics monitor the casualty closely on the way to the hospital, where more definitive diagnostic evaluation can occur.
Keep Your AED Properly Maintained
Imagine that you are at work chatting with a co-worker. Suddenly a strange look comes across your co-worker’s face and they collapse. Fortunately, you recently completed a CPR and first aid course and feel confident to shout for someone to call 000, while you check for breathing and response. You detect neither and as you begin CPR, you suddenly remember… the AED! You shout for someone to get the AED that has been mounted in the hallway of the building for years. The AED is retrieved; you open the case, try to turn the device on and… nothing. To your horror, you realise that the batteries are dead!
Automated External Defibrillators (AED) can be a lifesaving tool but can be useless if not maintained. An AED maintenance schedule is essential in keeping your device functioning properly. Recommended maintenance and care of an AED includes:
- Place your AED in a visible and unobstructed location.
- Verify the battery installation is correct.
- Check the status/service indicator light.
- Note the absence of the visual and/or audio service alarm.
- Inspect exterior components and sockets for cracks.
- Confirm that you have two sets of sealed AED pads that have not expired.
- Keep accurate records and replacing the AED battery is recommended for your particular device.
- Refer to the manufacturer’s manual for more information and proper maintenance procedures for your particular device.