Anaphylaxis First Aid Treatment

By Peter Mcgreal / 24/05/2021

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Question 1 of 18

1. Question
A casualty who is suffering from a MILD asthma attack may have signs and symptoms that include:
- Chest pain, blueness of the lips, weak faint pulse and collapse.
- Dry, irritating cough worse of a night and/or after exercise, feeling tired, very slight wheeze, able to speak in full sentences between breaths.
- High fevers, headache, productive moist cough, sore ears.
- A cough and runny nose for over a week.
Correct

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Hint

Shortness of breath.
Wheezing when exhaling, remember not all asthma sufferers wheeze.
Dry or moist persistent cough, particularly at night, early morning and with exercise.
Tightness of the chest.
Inability to speak more than one or two words per breath.
Question 2 of 18

2. Question
A casualty who is suffering from a MODERATE asthma attack may have signs and symptoms that include:
- Feeling tired, slight wheeze, headache, productive cough.
- Severe wheeze, chest tightness, high fevers, headache.
- A cough and runny nose for over a week.
- Continual cough, moderate to loud wheeze, obvious difficulty breathing, only able to speak in short sentences between breaths.
Correct

Incorrect
Hint
- Severe cough.
- Moderate wheezing, and it occurs at rest.
- Difficulty breathing, only able to speak short sentences.
- Chest tightness.
- Inability to sleep.
Question 3 of 18

3. Question
A casualty who is suffering from a SEVERE asthma attack may have signs and symptoms that include:
- Speaking in full sentences well, a wheeze, a cough, blueness of the lips.
- A cough and runny nose for over a week.
- Only able to speak 1-2 words/breath, severe rapid breathing, severe wheeze, chest tightness, pale, sweaty and clammy.
- High fevers, headache, productive moist cough, sore ears.
Correct

Incorrect
Hint
- Gasping for breath.
- Severe wheezing.
- Severe difficulty breathing, only able to speak one or two words per breath.
- Severe chest pain/tightness when taking a breath or coughing.
- Pale, sweaty skin.
- Increasing pulse rate.
Question 4 of 18

4. Question
Abdominal pain and vomiting are signs of a severe allergic reaction to what?
- Latex
- Eggs
- Nuts
- Insect sting/bite
Correct

Incorrect
Question 5 of 18

5. Question
Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of:
- Asthma
- Blood clotting
- Heart condition
- Allergic reaction
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Hint

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that involves the entire body. Anaphylaxis may result in shock or death, and therefore requires immediate medical attention. This most severe type of allergic reaction often involves many organs of the body such as:

The skin – welts and hives (urticaria).

The upper airways – swelling of the throat and vocal cords leading to obstruction in breathing.
Question 6 of 18

6. Question
Both the red and green ASCIA Action Plans are medical documents and to be valid they must be prescribed by a:
- Teacher
- Doctor
- Parent
- First Aid Officer
Correct

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Hint

ASCIA Action Plans do not expire, and therefore the plan is still valid beyond the review date, which is a guide for patients to see their doctor. Ideally, ASCIA Action Plans should be reviewed when patients are reassessed by their doctor or nurse practitioner, and each time they obtain a new adrenaline autoinjector prescription, which is approximately every 12 to 18 months.
Question 7 of 18

7. Question
Common asthma triggers include:
- Cold and hot air, insects, medications, detergents.
- Moulds, fruit and vegetables, eggs, latex, medications.
- House dust mites, pollens, animal fur, dairy products, alcohol.
- House dust mites, pollens, animal fur, moulds, tobacco smoke, cold air.
Correct

Incorrect

Hint

Pollens: from trees, grasses, weeds etc.

Dust: Dust mites, and wood/grain

Moulds

Pet/animal dander (skin flakes in an animal’s fur or hair); pet urine, saliva, faeces

Certain drugs/medications; asprin and some blood pressure control medication

Cigarette smoke; is directly harmful the airways and makes asthma worse, so exposure to cigarette smoke should be avoided by anyone who has asthma.
Question 8 of 18

8. Question
Common causes of anaphylaxis include:
- Peanuts, tree nuts, egg, cow’s milk, wheat, soybean, fish, shellfish, sesame, insects, medications, latex.
- Peanuts, tree nuts, egg, cow’s milk, wheat, meat, cheese, rice, stress.
- Egg, cow’s milk, wheat, soybean, fish, shellfish, sesame, fruit, vegetables, exercise.
- Insects, medications, latex, detergents, laughter.
Correct

Incorrect

Hint

Foods (especially nuts, seafood, eggs, cow’s milk, soy, wheat).

Drugs (antibiotics, x-ray contrast dyes).

Venom of stinging insects (bees, wasps, ants).

Herbal remedies (Royal Jelly).

Latex.
Question 9 of 18

9. Question
How would you manage a casualty having a severe allergic or anaphylactic reaction?
- Drive the casualty immediately to the nearest hospital
- Lie the casualty down and elevate their legs.
- Assist with or administer an adrenaline auto-injector,
- Give the casualty anti-histamine medication.
Correct

Incorrect

Hint

Anaphylactic Shock

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction that involves the entire body. Anaphylaxis may result in shock or death, and therefore requires immediate medical attention. This most severe type of allergic reaction often involves many organs of the body such as:

The skin – welts and hives (urticaria).

The upper airways – swelling of the throat and vocal cords leading to obstruction in breathing.

The nose – sneezing, blocking, watering, runny nose.

The lung – wheezing and asthma.

The circulatory system – a fall in blood pressure and collapse.

Some triggers include:

Foods (especially nuts, seafood, eggs, cow’s milk, soy, wheat).

Drugs (antibiotics, x-ray contrast dyes).

Venom of stinging insects (bees, wasps, ants).

Herbal remedies (Royal Jelly).

Latex.

In some cases, anaphylaxis is preceded by signs of a mild to moderate allergic reaction.

For insect allergies, these can be signs of anaphylaxis.

Symptoms of severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis may include:

Abdominal cramping or pain

Diarrhea

Nausea and/or vomiting

Pain or tightness in the chest

Difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice

Difficulty swallowing

Difficulty and/or noisy breathing

Wheeze or persistent cough

Fear or anxiety

Heart palpitations

Flushing of the face

Swelling of the face, eyes, or tongue

Dizziness or vertigo

Weakness

Loss of unconsciousness

Pale and floppy (young children)

Follow the DRSABCD emergency action plan.

For insect allergy, flick out the sting if it can be seen (but do not remove ticks).

Stay with the casualty and reassure.

Give medications if prescribed (whilst antihistamines may be used to treat mild to moderate allergic reactions, if the reaction progresses to anaphylaxis then adrenaline is the only suitable medication).

Locate adrenaline auto-injector if available (instructions are included in the Action Plan for Anaphylaxis which should be stored with the adrenaline auto-injector: EpiPen/AnaPen).

Contact parent/guardian or other emergency contact.

Give the adrenaline auto-injector if available (instructions are included in the ASCIA Action Plan for Anaphylaxis, stored with the adrenaline auto-injector)

Follow the DRSABCD emergency action plan.

Lay person flat and elevate legs – if breathing is difficult, allow them to sit but do not stand.

Further adrenaline doses may be given (when an additional adrenaline auto-injector is available), if there is no response after five minutes.

If in doubt, give the adrenaline auto-injector.

Adrenaline is life saving and must be used promptly. Withholding or delaying the giving of adrenaline can result in deterioration and death. This is why giving the adrenaline auto-injector is the first instruction on the ASCIA Action Plan for Anaphylaxis. If cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is given before this step there is a risk that adrenaline is delayed or not given.

In the ambulance, oxygen will usually be administered to the casualty by ambulance personnel.

Medical observation of the casualty in hospital for at least four hours is recommended after the use of adrenaline and treatment of anaphylaxis.

Adrenaline auto-injectors available in Australia and New Zealand are EpiPen and AnaPen. The Junior versions of EpiPen and AnaPen are generally prescribed for children aged one to five years.

If the allergic reaction is due to either a bee, wasp or ant sting and there is no EpiPen/AnaPen available use the Pressure Immobilisation (Bandaging) Technique for snakebite treatment.

For further information on anaphylaxis visit:

Australasian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (ASCIA)

http://www.allergy.org.au
Question 10 of 18

10. Question
If a casualty has the ability to speak in sentences, they are showing signs of:
- Mild/moderate respiratory distress.
- Severe respiratory distress.
Correct

Incorrect
Question 11 of 18

11. Question
If a casualty has the ability to speak only 1-2 words per breath, they are showing signs of:
- Mild/moderate respiratory distress.
- Severe respiratory distress.
Correct

Incorrect
Question 12 of 18

12. Question
If a casualty’s symptoms from an asthma attack are not relieved by their asthma medication, your next action should be to:
- Elevate their legs.
- Call 000 for an ambulance, keep them in an upright seated position and monitor their airway & breathing.
- Roll them into the recovery position and monitor their airway, breathing and circulation.
- Sit them upright and support their shoulders.
Correct

Incorrect
Question 13 of 18

13. Question
Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis relating to circulation may include weak, slow irregular pulse leading to loss of consciousness and/or collapse and possibly cardiac arrest.
- True
- False
Correct

Incorrect
Question 14 of 18

14. Question
The National Asthma Council Australia recommends asthma suffers have their doctor develop a written Asthma Action Plan which outlines:
- What medication to take every day.
- What you should do if your symptoms are getting worse.
- What to do if you have an asthma attack.
- All of the above.
Correct

Incorrect
Question 15 of 18

15. Question
The signs and symptoms of a mild to moderate allergic reaction may include?
- Difficult/noisy breathing, swelling of the tongue, hives on the skin, abdominal pain, vomiting.
- Pale and floppy in young children, swelling of the face, lips and eyes.
- Swelling of the face, lips and eyes, hives on the skin, tingling of the mouth, abdominal pain, vomiting.
- Difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice, tingling of the mouth, vomiting.
Correct

Incorrect
Question 16 of 18

16. Question
The signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) may include?
- Difficult/noisy breathing, swelling of the tongue, swelling/tightness in throat, difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice, wheeze or persistent cough, loss of consciousness and/or collapse, pale and floppy in young children.
- Difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice, wheeze or persistent cough, loss of consciousness and/or collapse, localised swelling.
- Difficult/noisy breathing, hives on the skin, sweating, nose bleed, thirst.
- Loss of consciousness and/or collapse, seizures, pale and floppy in young children.
Correct

Incorrect

Hint

Pain or tightness in the chest
Difficulty talking and/or hoarse voice
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty and/or noisy breathing
Wheeze or persistent cough
Swelling of the face, eyes, or tongue
Loss of unconsciousness
Pale and floppy (young children)
Question 17 of 18

17. Question
What is asthma?
- A narrowing of the airways to the lungs that makes it hard for the individual to breath effectively. It may be caused by inflammation, blockages or bronchoconstriction.
- A medication reliever inhaler device, also known as a puffer or turbuhaler.
- A severe rash to the chest that causes difficulty breathing.
- A side effect of cigarette smoking.
Correct

Incorrect

Hint

Asthma is a medical condition that causes narrowing of the small airways in the lungs. Typically, asthma sufferers develop wheezing and have increased mucus production in their lungs. Asthma sufferers often have the disease for many years. The episodes of shortness of breath may be life threatening and often triggered by allergic reactions.
Question 18 of 18

18. Question
You stop to assist a person who while exercising has started to wheeze and has a dry cough. They tell you that they are asthmatic; your immediate response is to:
- Give them water to drink.
- Lay them on their back and elevate their legs.
- Have them continue to exercise.
- Sit the person upright, follow their Asthma Management Plan, reassure and stay with them, call 000 for an ambulance if no improvement.
Correct

Incorrect
Hint
- Follow the DRSABCD emergency action plan
- Sit in a comfortable upright position.
- Be calm and reassure the casualty.
- Call 000 for an ambulance.
- Continuously repeat reliever medication every four minutes until the ambulance arrives.